The Benefits of Building a Green House on Westerns La...

Presenting the benefits of building a green house facility on Western’s La Crosse campus. First student benefits will be explored ,second the campus’s benefits, and third the environmental benefits will be discussed. Images of the recommended design and a map outlining the proposed location are presented, and the estimated costs of the proposed kit are included as well. This project will have a positive impact including supporting Western’s efforts toward meeting the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations or in other words being sustainable (Western, Web). Introduction . Sustainability and environmental awareness have become topics of increasing importance†¦show more content†¦This project will also enhance our competitive advantage against other campuses that are going green. In addition a green house would expand our growing season being able to grow some of our own produce will give us access to fresh, nutritious, and seasonal produce, as well as plants and flowers during the cold winter months. A study from a top market research company called Heartman Group shows that over Two thirds of all consumers favor locally grown foods and almost 75 percent expressed the desire for wider selection of these products to be more readily available. http://green.nau.edu/docs/Sodexo_Sustainability_Brochure.pdf What is grown could be incorporated into cafeteria, Lunda center, and Western Corner Bistro menu items, used in food labs, and sold at fundraisers. By growing some of our own vegetables and herbs we are able t o reduce the distance our food travels to get to our plate. Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture reports that the average fresh food item on our dinner table travels 1,500 miles to get there. Buying locally produced food eliminates the need for all that fuel-guzzling transportation http://environment.about.com/od/greenlivingdesign/a/locally_grown.htm. This means that growing some of

The Character of Hedda Gabler in Ibsens Hedda Gabler Essay

The Character of Hedda Gabler Hedda Gabler is perhaps one of the most interesting characters in Ibsen. She has been the object of psychological analysis since her creation. She is an interesting case indeed, for to explain Hedda one must rely on the hints Ibsen gives us from her past and the lines of dialogue that reveal the type of person she is. The reader never views Hedda directly. We never get a soliloquy in which she bares her heart and motives to the audience. Hedda is as indifferent to our analysis as she is to Tesmans excitement over his slippers when she says I really dont care about it (Ibsen 8). But a good psychologist knows that even this indifference is telling. Underneath the ennui and indifference†¦show more content†¦Hedda is the product of aristocratic birth. She is, as I mentioned earlier, the daughter of General Gabler, whose portrait hangs over this play not unlike the portrait of the absent father in Williams The Glass Menagerie. And in case we have missed the significance of the portrait in the stage directions or have overlooked it as an audience member, Miss Tesman rivets our attention to it and the reality of Heddas aristocratic life: Well, you cants wonder at that--General Gablers daughter! Think of the sort of life she was accustomed to in her fathers time. Dont you remember how we used to see her riding down the road along with the General? In that long black habit--with feathers in her hat? (Ibsen 2). Her aristocratic birth and her past is contrasted by her choice of a husband who has neither noble blood nor bourgeois money. We are told that this motherless child of an aristocratic general often gave in to fits of cruelty as a child: At the finishing school the presence of a girl with a head of abundant, wavy flaxen hair irritated her and provoked her to outbursts of cruelty which had their source in equal measure, perhaps, in envy and in a deep-seated temperamental antipathy; for dearth of abundance, physically and temperamentally, i s a characteristic of Heddas nature (Weigland 246-247).Show MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Hedda in Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler introduces its audience to a paradoxical protagonist, Hedda Tesman. Ibsen’s delineation of Hedda presents her as a petty and frivolous woman whose sole motivation is to seek her own amusement with no regard to those around her. If some tragedy had befallen Hedda in her formative years and thus shaped her into the cold, callous woman she would become, Ibsen purposely omits this from this play: whatever judgment the audience might make of Hedda as a character must deriveRead MoreHow Does Henrik Ibsen’s Use of the Huldre in Hedda Gabler Influence the Characters of the Story?1707 Words   |  7 PagesHow Does Henrik Ibsen’s Use of the Huldre in Hedda Gabler Influence the Characters of the Story? How Does Henrik Ibsen’s Use of the Huldre in Hedda Gabler Influence the Characters of the Story? The gender roles of women in the Victorian age differ from today’s standards; nonetheless, they are still somewhat upheld. Female roles in Victorian society included being the wife, the mother, the household manager and the societal missionary. Some aspects of social-self versus essential-self comeRead MoreThe Praised and Recognized Theater Work of Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler versus Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest1104 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest are both regarded as their best work getting praise and recognition for their contribution to the literary world. Due to Ibsen’s extensively complex main character Hedda Tesman, she is regarded to be one of the â€Å"most difficult roles in theatre† (T.Ross). The Importance of Being Earnest is Oscar Wilde’s most recognized piece which would also be his last play before being sent to jail convicted of homosexual acts. PropsRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House899 Words   |  4 Pagesresult of the controversy it caused at the time. Written towards the latter half of Ibsen’s career, Hedda Gabler also presents a strong female character that questions that boundaries society has confined women to in that era. Some readers would consider Hedda Gabler to be a modern tragedy about a woman who fights against social constructs but meets a tragic end in her death However, other readers have interpreted Hedda as a vindictive and manipulative person with a bleak and cruel outlook of life. AsRead MoreAnalysis of Henrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler1231 Words   |  5 Pagesis an influential factor in the establishment of the central theme of Henrik Ibsen’s play Hedda Gabler. Due to Hedda’s lack of independence, she develops a strong desire for control. The direct relationship between Hedda’s marriage with George and her sly, manipulative characteristics is manifested by Ibsen during the work. Ibsen also exposes weakness in Mrs. Elvsted through her dependability on various male characters for fulfillment in life. How do expectations of gender roles in the nineteenthRead MoreNora Helmer versus Hedda Gabler in Male Dominated Society Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pageswomen submit to the image, but certain individual stands against it. In Henrik Ibsen’s stories of Hedda Gabler and A Doll House, we witness examples of a single individual against the overwhelming society. Nora left her family and marriage behind to become an independent individual without the control of men; whereas, Hedda Gabler choose death as her ultimate solution when she was threatened to be control by man. Ibsen’s A Doll’s House was written in 1879 in a style of realism, which depicted lifeRead MoreHedda Gablers Character Analysis Essays1550 Words   |  7 PagesHedda Is Not a Housewife The reflection of women in literature during the late eighteen-hundreds often features a submissive and less complex character than the usual male counterpart, however Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler features a women who confines herself to the conformities that women were to endure during that time period but separates herself from other female characters by using her intelligence and overall deviousness to manipulate the men in her life and take a dominant presence throughoutRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1074 Words   |  5 PagesAP UCONN ECE Period 2 October 7, 2015 Ibsen’s Perspective on Women The Norwegian playwright and dramatist, Henrik Ibsen, wrote several plays on social drama where he opposed the accepted traditions of the nineteenth century. Some of his most famous plays on society versus women were A Doll’s House, Hedda Gabler, and Pillars of Society. Ibsen supported women and feminism, contrary to societal norms by creating strong women in the forms of Nora Helmer, Hedda Tesman, and Lona Hessel from his playsRead MoreHedda Gabler By Henrik Ibsen926 Words   |  4 Pages Hedda Gabler Hedda Gabler is a play written by Henrik Ibsen about a daring woman and her relationship with those around her. Ibsen portrays the way the pressures of society affect a person and how Hedda Gabler personally deals with it. Hedda is indeed a complex and fascinating character and the audience’s opinion can differ as many see Hedda as a selfish coward while others can see her as a brave, independent person. In the play, she is faced with these two judgements: she can show an act ofRead MoreHedda Gabler - a Tragic Hero? Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes a play a tragedy? Generally defined, a Greek tragedy is â€Å"a drama of a serious and dignified character that typically describes the development of a conflict between the protagonist and a superior force (such as destiny, circumstance or society) and reaches a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion† (Merriam). The themes of the literary piece revolve around the main character and their actions, reactions, emotions and sufferings. This main figure is the tragic hero, who also acts as the play’s

Homelessness Is The Common Reason Of Homelessness Essay

Miski Jafe Instructor Name ENG 111 4 December 2016 Homelessness in charlotte Over the past year, homelessness is rapidly increasing in America and across in the world. poverty and mental illness is the common reason of homelessness, these people face an extremely struggle just to live despite the fact that society turns its head from the problem. Homelessness is one of the tragedies that one can face, People who live at poverty level and have mental disorders are more likely to become homeless. its something that effects people of all age, race, background, and religion. There are several untrue stereotypes about homeless people which is that they are lazy and do not work and commit more violent crimes than housed people. There are many problems that force people to become homeless, Homelessness is more than being a poor and without home, is a separation from society which includes family, friends, neighbors. Homelessness is complicated and there is no one simple solution to homelessness. According to the latest survey of Department of Housing and Urban Devel opment in 2015, nearly 564,708 people are homeless in The United States (HUD, 2016). However, unofficial National Coalition for the Homeless estimates of total homelessness range from 1.6 million to 3.5. According to 2015 PIT Count in Mecklenburg County identified 2,001 people are experiencing homelessness. Making positive changes to the problem is a huge action that has not taken as a serious problem. Homeless peopleShow MoreRelatedSocial Problem Homelessness1065 Words   |  5 PagesApplication Social Problem Research: Homelessness Homelessness is becoming a major social issue in the United States, with many poor families and young people ending up in the street because of several reasons. This condition is leaving many people helpless in the streets and the number keep on rising on a daily basis. Cities like Detroit and New York are among the most populous with poor families and homeless people, making it important for government and other social agencies to find urgent solutionRead MoreMain Causes of Why People Become Homelessness Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesHomelessness Definition Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who having no home or permanent place, because they cannot afford or unable to maintain a regular and safe shelter. Causes There are three main causes why people are homelessness. The first reason is housing. There is increasing evidence that a growing number of homebody in the private rental market are in housing stress. For example, many people pay more than 35 percent of their income on renting house. In additionRead MoreThe United Kingdom And The Implication For Women849 Words   |  4 Pagesand explore homelessness in the United Kingdom and the implication for women. Literature review Many historian and social scientist agree that the multi-dimensional and complex nature of homelessness has resulted in the relative difficulty in establishing a clear definition of homelessness. Accordingly, homelessness began to escape concise definition, due to the complexity and increasing diversification (Chamberlain and Johnson: 2001). However, globally the definition of homelessness states thatRead MoreHomeless in The United States 1309 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a problem that happens in many different countries around the world. Definitions of homelessness are defined in different meanings by different people. However, the Stewart B. McKinney Act defines a homeless person as â€Å" one who lacks a fixed permanent nighttime residence or whose nighttime residence is a temporary shelter, welfare hotel, or any public or private place not designed as sleeping accommodations for human beings† (McNamara 1025). It is impossible to find out exactly theRead MoreEssa y on The Causes of Homelessness1301 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem: homelessness. Homelessness in America could be considered a major issue considering that over six hundred thousand people are homeless at any one time. Of those homeless, 46% were individuals not regularly occurring homelessness, 37% were individuals with chronic homelessness, and about 16% were families (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2013). One might ask themselves, â€Å"How does this affect me?† Currently, it might not, however if you look at the statistics, homelessness was not aRead MoreHealth Issues Among The Homeless Population1450 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss current health issues among the homeless population. The paper will also explore the reasons behind homelessness and the society’s perception. According to the National Coalition for the Homeless an individual experiencing homelessness fall into one of the three categories such as, chronic, transitional or episodic homelessness. Medicine or treatment for homeless individuals seeking medical attention, are not as accessible compared to non-homeless individualsRead MoreHomeless Research Paper1487 Words   |  6 Pagesmillion people experience homelessness in the US every year (NCH,1). But what is homelessness? Jim Baumohl, a noted author, explained in Homelessness in America, the most common definition of homelessness used by researchers is the â€Å"absence of belonging to a specific place or to people† (NCH, 3). However, there is no set definition, due to the variety of living conditions a homeless person encounters, and the opin ions of the researchers. As Baumohl pointed out, â€Å"homelessness is but the latest of manyRead MoreHomelessness : Difficulty Escaping Poverty1321 Words   |  6 PagesArjan Singh Mrs. Woolcock English IV-CP May 19 2016 Homelessness: Difficulty Escaping Poverty A homeless person is someone who lacks housing, including an individual who lives in a supervised public or private facility (What Is the Official Definition of Homelessness?). Being homeless means not having a place to call home, not having a stable income. It is not just individuals that can be homeless. There are millions of families living in poverty and on the streets all around the world, contraryRead MoreThemes Of Homelessness992 Words   |  4 PagesThe Problems and causes of homelessness are closely intertwined, with many of the problems of homelessness also sharing common source with the causes of homelessness. Narrative comments are included. There are three central themes that are highlighted in the cases. Mental health plays a large role in the cause and problem of homelessness as displayed by Stephanie’s experience as â€Å"her parents asked her to leave home. Stephanie had suffered from anxieties and bipolar†. Abusive relationships are alsoRead MoreThe P roblem Of Homelessness And Homelessness Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesled to homelessness. These barriers may be a numerous amount of things such as substance abuse, personal trauma, unhealthy relationships, health problems, or unemployment. No matter the barrier, goals need to be set and must be realistic. If the goals seem impossible to reach they will be. Finally, there must be a commitment to following through with the set goals and a realization that this is an ongoing process that will not change overnight. There is a misinformed stigma of homelessness, which

Romeo and Juliet Scene Summaries - 437 Words

Romeo and Juliet Scene Summaries I, i Sampson and Gregory, two servants of the Capulet family, were walking down the streets of Verona. Both of the were talking badly of the Montague family. They see two servants of the Montague family coming their way. They both start talking about fighting strategies. Than Sampson bites his thumb at the Montagues. They all start to fight. After that Prince Escalus arrives and commands them to stop fight or the penalty will be death. After this happens Benvolio finds Romeo. He is very depressed because his love Rosaline does not love him back. I, ii In the streets of Verona Lord Capulet is walking with Paris. They are talking about marriage. Paris wants to marry Juliet. Lord Capulet she is too young and will have to wait at least two summers. Lord Capulet tells Paris about his traditional masquerade feast. Lord Capulet sent his servant to invite all of the people on the list. There is a problem though. The servant cannot read. Romeo and Benvolio were walking down the streets still arguing about his love. They bump into the servant and the servant asks them to help read the list. He does not know they are Montagues and invites them to the feast. Benvolio tells Romeo that it will be the perfect opportunity to meet other woman. Romeo agrees. I, iii At the Capulets house before the feast begins, Lady Capulet and Juliet talk about marriage with Paris. Juliet replies that she has given it no thought. Lady CapuletShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Scene Summaries Essay1947 Words   |  8 Pages Romeo And Juliet Scene Summaries Act I, Prologue: The prologue to Act I is written in the form of a sonnet and provides a clear, concise summary of the play. Romeo and Juliet will fall in love but their fate is death. The feuding of their families is at fault. Act I, Scene 1: The scene opens in the streets of Verona. Gregory and Sampson, servants of the house of Capulet, are discussing their enemies, the Montagues, when two of the Montague servants, Abram and Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet946 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is probably the most well know play throughout the world. The play is by far the most famous of Sir William Shakespeare. There are many unique characters in the play some of the main ones are, Romeo and Juliet clearly. There are Romeo’s best friends Mercutio the more outgoing one who wants to live life to its fullest. The other Benvolio is very calm and tries to avoid a fight, he doesn’t get rattled easily, unlike Mercutio. Then there is Juliet’s best friend TybaltRead MoreThe Role of Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet Essay examples528 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet In William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, each character plays a specific role in driving the action forward and shaping the plays theme. One secondary character, Mercutio, is essential to the play. Mercutio is the Princes kinsman, but more importantly, he is Romeos friend and confidant. Mercutios concern is always for Romeo and for peace between the two families, the Capulets and the Montagues. Mercutio is the firstRead MoreSummary on Act 1 of RJ816 Words   |  4 PagesAutumn Cook Mrs. Schaeffer/ Mrs. Lavie English 9 Period 1 11 November 2012 Summary of Act I of â€Å"The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet† In Scene I, Samson and Gregory are saying how much they hate the Montagues. When they see the Montagues-Abram and Balthasar, Sampson bites his thumb at them, and him and Abram begin to fight. Benvolio and Tybalt enter, and they fight. Later an Officer, Citizens, Capulet, Lady Capulet, Montague, Lady Montague, and following Prince Escalus enter. 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Both Romeo and Juliet seek the admonition of the adults in their lives, but are met with carelessness according to their own. Shakespeare’s affair that abrupt accomplishments can generally accept adverseRead MoreTheme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet781 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous and popular plays. It tells the story of two starcrossd lovers and addresses such themes as Romance but also tragedy. However it also contains themes of violence/conflict/death. The play begins with a prologue which is kind of a summary of the play but doesnt give all the details of the play away to the audience as it includes the setting of the play and a bit of background information. Then a fued is introduced straightRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1328 Words   |  6 PagesBritish literature most of the things i am generally interested in reading is Shakespeare plays. Most notably, Romeo and Juliet as being one of my personal favorites.Throughout the entirety reading the play i’ve noticed how much the themes play a role in the effect the characters and their surroundings,resulting in a tragic ending. From some examples, how fate plays into Romeo and Juliet being â€Å"star-cross’d lovers† an d, the theme of love playing an extreme role which is pure and beautiful but alsoRead MoreThemes Of Love And Hate : William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1406 Words   |  6 Pages​Boucher 1 Thalia Boucher Ms. Yousaf ENG-1D1 2016-06-06 Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet â€Å"People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.†-Nelson Mandela Romeo and Juliet is a play about two young lovers, whose love was for destruction from the beginning because of the hatred between the two families, Montagues and Capulets. Therefore, the themes of love andRead MoreThe Impact of Act 1 Scene 5 on the Tragic Events That Occur in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1436 Words   |  6 PagesAct 1 scene 5 is the most important scene in Romeo and Juliet because it triggers off all the other events that lead to unfortunate disasters. A brief summary of act 1 scene 5 is that Lord Capulet hosts a party. Romeo decides to come to the party. Romeo sees Juliet and falls in love at first sight .Tybalt spots Romeo and tells Lord Capulet. Lord Capulet says â€Å"it not the place to fight and tells him to calm down†. Romeo and Juliet dance and share a sonnet. Romeo finds out that Juliet is a Capulet

Explaining Crime Free Essays

Causes of crime are arguably criminology’s most important and largest research topic. In this process of research, criminologists and academics have used numerous theories in attempts to explain how and why people resort to crime (Ellis, Beaver, Wright, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to examine a case study first with the use of strain theories (ST), followed by social learning theory (SLT). We will write a custom essay sample on Explaining Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first section will involve a summary of the case of R v Mark Andrew HUGHES (2009) NSWDC 404 involving an outline of the offender’s personal life, of his crimes, and his punishment handed down by the New South Wales District Court. It is important to outline these facts in order to refer to them and appropriately analyse them. The following section will use strain theories to analyse factors and causes that lead the offender to commit his crimes. Anomie and strain theory will be used here with respect to Merton’s concept of â€Å"retreatism† (Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995), as well as Agnew’s general strain theory (GST) as it accounts for individual and emotional strain derived from negative relationships (Agnew, 1992). These will be the primary theories used for analysis in this paper as they are most relevant. The final section will involve the application of SLT. Drawing from the case of R v Mark Andrew HUGHES (2009) NSWDC 404, the offender is a forty seven year old man named Mark Andrew Hughes and will be referred to as Mr Hughes for the duration of this paper. Mr Hughes childhood involved a significant degree of negative stimuli. For example, Mr Hughes experienced rejection through the failed relationship of his mother and father at a very young age, resulting in the complete absence of his biological father. Mr Hughes was then subjected to his mother’s new marriage and relationship with a man who was to become his stepfather. This relationship became volatile and involved alcohol abuse and violence, resulting also in separation and divorce. In addition, Mr Hughes was subjected to his mother’s battled with some mental health issues, and problems with the abuse of prescription medicine. Mr Hughes adult relationships somewhat reflect his mothers. He married two times of which both resulted in divorce. Importantly, the first marriage was in 1991 and created three children, of which one tragically died at seven months of age. He is currently is having virtually no contact with the other two who are now teenagers. Mr Hughes notes his second marriage (1996-2005) was extremely important to him, however collapsed due to his relationship with drugs. This marriage created two children whom he has contact with every Sunday, however his current circumstances (in custody) means this is via telephone. Apart from the minimal contact Mr Hughes has with his two sons, he has been cut off from his family. It is also acknowledged that Mr Hughes had been seeing a counsellor however stopped just prior to his crimes due to the effects of his drug addiction at the time. Drugs have been a big part of Mr Hughes life from a young age. He began using cannabis at age twelve, and his first experience with heroin was age fifteen, which resulted in addictions and long periods of residential treatment. It has been reported that in times of personal upheaval, Mr Hughes is incapable of controlling his desire to resort to drugs (substance abuse) in order to escape. In fact, in recent years Mr Hughes drug addiction has involved speed and ice to such an extent that he needed to remain high (drug-affected) in order to avoid the pain of â€Å"coming down†, which was a daily habit that cost over $400 a day. It could be said that as a result of Mr Hughes early life experiences, gaining an education was a struggle, and has been limited. For instance he finished his schooling half way through secondary education, resulting in several unskilled jobs however, shortly prior to a breakdown in his second marriage, and his criminal conduct, he held a job in a recycling factory for almost fourteen years. It should be noted that the court points out the findings from a well-known clinical forensic psychologist called W John Taylor, who states that based on Mr Hughes history, he felt he had a conduct disorder in his early teenage years, confirms he is clearly battling with drug abuse disorders, and is currently suffering with depression. However he feels that Mr Hughes is genuine in his desire to overcome his addiction with drugs, and with the right support, he has a chance at reforming his behaviour and addictions. This brings us to the second issue to be outlined, that is Mr Hughes crimes. Aside from a charge of break and enter as a child, another charge regarding sexual relations with a juvenile when he himself was a juvenile, and at the age of twenty-two, convictions for false pretences, theft and drug use, Mr Hughes has managed to remain crime free regardless of his drug addictions. Also, until the most recent crimes, Mr Hughes has never served a prison term. Thus in view of these facts, the court regards this as an insignificant criminal record considering Mr Hughes current age. During the months of September to the end of November 2008 Mr Hughes resurfaces with six serious criminal offences, mostly involving break enter and steal of which was from a business, a warehouse, a workshop and two homes. Two of these offences involved criminal acts that incurred separate charges, which were stealing a car from one of the homes he entered, and also damaging property. Importantly one of the six offences was an aggravated break enter and steal from a home as one of the owners (husband) came home and surprised Mr Hughes while he was inside stealing. Mr Hughes responded with aggressive behaviour threatening him with what has been described as wire cutter, eventually forcing the man on a bed and telling him to stay there and he would not harm him. The man warned Mr Hughes that his wife was due home and hoped this would scare Mr Hughes off, however it resulted in Mr Hughes tying up the victim’s hands, and gagging his mouth for a short period of time while he continued to steal and ransack the home. It was mentioned that Mr Hughes did not cause any physical harm, however the crime is regarded as very serious. Finally, the court came to the overall sentence for his crimes of eight years and five months, with a non-parole period of five years and five months. The sentencing process considers a range of factors which will be discussed later. Agnew’s (1992) GST proposes that crime is committed as a result of pressure or strain that is derived from negative relationships and subsequent life experiences or events through those relationships. These relationships include three types of strain that involve situations where a person has taken away something valuable from another, ruined another’s opportunities to achieve a valued goal/s, or the infliction of offensive and unwanted stimuli (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). The consequences of being subjected to strains of this nature, is the generation of various negative emotions within the person like depression, fear, anger, frustration, disappointment, and anxiety. Thus, depending on an individual’s characteristics and environment, these negative emotions can lead them to commit crime (Agnew, 2006). The way in which a person responds to this strain and subsequent negative emotion, is to either accept their current situation with a positive outlook, which usually involves the individual having a good support network; or turning to delinquent behaviour and the use of drugs to avoid negative emotions (Agnew, 2006; Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). From this we can already begin to see some of the aspects of GST in the case of Mr Hughes. For example, referring back to Mr Hughes personal details, Agnew would argue that because this man’s troubles started as a child through the loss of a relationship with his biological father, the introduction of a new father who presented negative stimuli and was â€Å"imposed/not wanted†, and he was unable to remove himself from this situation or relationship due to his age, he was therefore subjected to the effects of emotional strain. In addition to this, the most significant person in his life (mother) was also presenting negative stimuli by self-medicating and engaging in volatile arguments with the stepfather. According to GST, as a child/adolescent, Mr Hughes would have been suffering with feelings like fear, anger, and disappointment, and so taking drugs was his way to directly cope/manage these emotions and interpersonal problems (Agnew, 2006). The fact that Mr Hughes was very young when he began to take drugs, as well as dropping out of school early, and committing some forms of crime, is evidence of the explained process of Agnew’s concepts in GST, and in fact were primarily used to explain delinquency and drug use in adolescents (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p. 64). Additionally, before Mr Hughes committed these most recent crimes, he has in many ways re-experienced these issues in his adult relationships. For example, the tragic loss of his first born son, the loss of his contact with his daughters and wife from the first marriage, are all examples of something valuable being removed from his life. This then occurred again in the next marriage, which Mr Hughes had stated w as very important to him, and a very big loss. Social Learning theory can also help to explain this repeated experience of Mr Hughes and will be discussed later. There are two other explanations through the use of strain theory that can help to explain why Mr Hughes lived most of his life crime free, in spite of his drug habit, before committing his most recent crimes. Firstly Agnew developed another concept within GST in the form of â€Å"storylines† which operate at a time-based level and can help to draw connections from past events to explain current issues or ‘situation cues’ (see Agnew, 2006b). Using this concept it could be said that Mr Hughes most recent crimes are a result of his desperate need for money to support his sever drug habit that is primarily a result of coping with his emotions that stem back to childhood. The second concept is derived from Merton’s (1968) idea of anomie, where by society’s expectations and emphasis is strongly attached to the idea of always striving to achieve monetary success, which is generally proven through the accumulation of things like houses, cars, private schooling and general wealth. However Merton argues that opportunities to achieve this success are not evenly distributed, and it is usually the lower class citizens that struggle to achieve the final goal (Merton, 1968). Never the less, each individual is expected to continue to try for their own self-respect and value (Merton, in Alder, Laufer, 1995). Merton offers four ways in which people may respond to their ability to achieve wealth, or not, through institutionalized means (see Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p157). The most relevant of these responses with regard to Mr Hughes would be ‘retreatism’. Rendering this concept, aside from long term drug use, the fact that Mr Hughes lead most of his adult life up until this point, as a law abiding citizen, and held his job for fourteen years, attempted to have a family on two occasions, and attended counselling in an attempt to rectify his personal issues and better himself, are all signs that he strived to achieve the expected societal goals and aspirations to the best of his ability within his available means. That is with limited education, no acquired skills, and limited social skills. From this, it would be argued that Mr Hughes has come to the realisation that he has once again lost his battle with drugs, and as a result failed another marriage, losing contact with his children a second time, then losing his long term job, finding himself without any family support of any kind, and thus believing, then accepting that he will never actually achieve anything. In his response to his battle to achieve, he has become a classic â€Å"retreatist†, as the strain became too much to bear, thus becoming deeply engrossed in his addiction with ice to such an extent that he had to steel to fund his addiction (Merton, 1968). The underlying societal values and importance of accumulating wealth are heard in the various comments of Judge Cogswell in response to Mr Hughes crimes, and in determining sentencing (see R v Mark Andrew HUGHES [2009] NSWDC 404). One example can be seen in this comment: â€Å"Once again, one can imagine the inconvenience and distress which the theft of computer and mobile phones must have had on the managers of that business†. These comments are not just due to the loss of the physicality of the objects themselves, but also their use in the business, as they would be an important aspect in facilitating the institutional means of achieving further success. Also in Mr Hughes most serious crime, the comments again refer to the victim’s home being used to commit crime. For instance it was stated â€Å"This must have been an extraordinarily terrifying experience for the clergyman, whose home was used to commit this crime by Mr Hughes†. This again clearly shows the importance, respect and value placed on achieved goods. These concepts of anomie and strain theory with regard to good societal goals and values are also considered and noted by the court with regard to Mr Hughes himself. For example a considerable amount of time was taken from Mr Hughes time to be served in prison to acknowledge the good in his values that was observed in the way of his remorse for his crimes, and quick pleas of guilt to all of his charges. It was stated â€Å"this has a significant impact on the administration of justice in this State†. And because he had never served time in prison before this could be regarded as special circumstances that enabled the adjustment of the ratio between the non-parole and parole period. However it was surprising that considering how in line a lot of the court responses were with the concepts found in strain theories, that one method in which could be used to help people like Mr Hughes, and that was recommended by the court appointed psychologist mentioned earlier, was later considered as un-important by Judge Cogswell. Mr Taylor had stated that in order for Mr Hughes to have a chance at rebuilding his life, his lack of social and emotional support must be considered, and believed that his program called â€Å"Ex-Inmate Program† could help with many of his issues. Mr Taylor’s ideas and concerns are in line with methods found in strain theories that would help to reduce the burden of strain (Bournard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010, p169) in the lives of people like Mr Hughes. Social learning Theory (SLT) compliments strain theory but most importantly can help to explain some aspects in this case that strain theory cannot. Firstly it can be argued through SLT that much of Mr Hughes negative behaviour has been learned through observing his mother and stepfather’s abusive relationship, nd his mother’s negative coping strategies as a result of them (Bandura, 1977). Refer back to the life history and crimes of Mr Hughes, the concept of learned behaviour may explain some of the vandalism and aggressive behaviour to the victim in Mr Hughes crimes that strain theories has not. Specifically, the concept of ‘differential associations’ in SLT would suggest that Mr Hughes has gone through an observational process over the course o f his young life that has equipped him with the skills to behave in the way he has (Akers, 1994). That he has been isolated from more pro-social behaviour, and therefore acquired various negative attitudes motives and rationalisations for his actions (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, 2010). This can also help to explain the similar relationship behaviour and coping strategies that Mr Hughes had to his mother. Furthermore, Burgess and Akers (1966) developed the concept of differential reinforcement, which argue that individuals engage in behaviour in ways that will positively reward them and that they can identify with from observing others. Thus it can also be argued that Mr Hughes engaged in the type of criminal behaviour that he did to reward himself with goods and money that will fund/ reward him again with drugs, which then rewards him by removing not just his emotional pain, but the painful withdrawal symptoms he acknowledged he suffered at the time of these crimes. To combine both SLT and strain theories, Mr Hughes has in a sense experienced twofold the conditions to lead him to crime and negative coping strategies. For example SLT would argues Mr Hughes observed how to manage negative emotions long before he could fully experience or understand his own, through the observation of his mother’s benefits from self-medicating. Thus when he became overwhelmed with strain from his negative life experiences that are explained in the prior section through strain theories, he already had in place the learned methods/behaviour of relieving his emotional strain, which would be explained by Akers (1985) concept of ‘differential associations’. Thus the process of ‘retreating’ discussed previously in ST, became an easier process as he has mimicked or put into action his own interpreted version of coping with the use of drugs. However, unfortunately neither of these theories account for mental health or conduct disorder, both of which Mr Hughes was diagnosed with, and are significantly related to negative home environments, delinquency and substance abuse in adolescent (Linskey, Fergusson, 1995; Hinshaw, Lee, 2003). In conclusion, SLT and ST can help to understand most of the complex issues that lead to the criminal actions of MR Hughes. It is clear that both observing and experiencing negative stimuli has consumed Mr Hughes with various negative emotions that resulted in strain. It is not hard to understand from these theories how and why Mr Hughes became so addicted to drugs and struggled to manage his relationships effectively as a result of these factors. However what is not accounted for in these theories with regard to his behaviour and crimes, are the influences of his diagnosed conduct disorder he had as an adolescent or his current state of depression. How to cite Explaining Crime, Papers

The Secret Diary of Lady Macbeth Essay Example For Students

The Secret Diary of Lady Macbeth Essay The Secret Diary of Lady MacbethAfter receiving a letter from MacbethEarlier today, I received a most urgent letter from Macbeth. He told me that he was accosted by three witches on the night of the battle between Scotland and Norway. They greeted him All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis! All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor! All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter! Macbeth was rapt with what the witches had said and tried to question them further but they vanished into a haze of fog. I could see his enthusiasm from his vocabulary and could tell that he believed the witches, even though they are feared and many hundreds have been burned. He said he burned in desire to question them further, indicating that he was almost on fire with this knowledge that came from the perfectst report. Witches have metaphysical powers and more in them than mortal knowledge. Later that day Macbeth received a message from the King saying he was to become Thane of Cawdor. He c alled me his dearest partner of greatness and plans to share the glory of the golden round with me. He sent the letter by messenger despite the danger of the contents being read by others, when it could have waited until he arrived here. Having seen Macbeths enthusiasm, I will take my cue from him. His letters have transported me beyond this ignorant present. I nearly told a messenger who brought news of the King coming to stay, of my thoughts and for one moment, I reacted as though Macbeth were already King, and I Queen, I must be more careful in the future. I have made the decision that Macbeth will be King, the only problem being that he is too full of the milk of human kindness and does not have it in him to do the unthinkable deed, at heart Macbeth is a giver and not a destroyer. I see my role as Macbeths strengthener. I wish that I could persuade him to catch the nearest way. To this end, I asked the evil spirits to take my womanly qualities away. I asked them to take my milk and replace it with gall. I am asking to become a poisoner instead of a nourisher. I asked for unnatural darkness so that heaven will not see and cry: Hold, hold! No one must see the murder, as killing the King is an unthinkable act; it is just like killing God. I will have to teach Macbeth the lessons of deceit and hypocrisy. I told him bear welcome in your eye, your hand, your tongue; look like th innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. I meant the serpent in the Garden of Eden, who is really the Devil. After that I felt so confident, I was able to pun. I chose my words carefully. When I advised Macbeth he put the nights great business into my despatch, he knew that underneath the domestic arrangements I was implying murder. Macbeth was less confident than I was and I reassured him by saying leave the rest to me. I was taking all the responsibility from him and placing it on myself. After the murderIt was the worst night of my life. I thought that after the deed was done everything would be well. I thought everything would run smoothly. It did not. Before the banquet was finished, while everyone was sitting down for the meal, Macbeth left and went to the courtyard. I went to see him and he said, We will proceed no further in this business. It was a disaster and I was shocked. I had to try my hardest to get him to change his mind. I even suggested that Macbeth was a coward; he kills people every day, yet he cannot do this one thing. I told him that he was green and said that he was like the poor cat i th adage, who would not get his paws wet to get the fish that he wanted. I was drawing a parallel between the cat and Macbeth. He took offence and was astonished at what I had suggested

The Machinist Trevor Reznik free essay sample

The Machinist Trevor Reznik is a machinist who has suffered from severe weight loss to the point where he has become severely emaciated. His alarming appearance and strange behavior causes his co-workers to keep away, leaving him in the arms of Stevie, a prostitute who shows genuine compassion for him, only to lose her in the end. Trevor is also no longer able to think clearly and begins to suspect that the bizarre events in his life are a concerted effort to drive him insane. Throughout the film, the audience is able to evaluate Trevor’s sleeping habits, leading to the conclusion that every chance he is given to rest becomes indefinitely interrupted. With the characteristics Trevor shows, and the events in the film leading to the end, it is feasible to come to the conclusion that Trevor suffers from a severe case of insomnia. Causes Guilt/Anxiety Guilt is effectively a form of anxiety or stress, so its stress hormones that are preventing you from sleeping. We will write a custom essay sample on The Machinist Trevor Reznik or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its a continuous flight or fight response, but the body isnt capable of dealing with prolonged stress, as the hormones make sleep difficult and lighter as its expecting to have to run away soon. † (Ashley Morris, 2012, 1. ) Throughout the film, we find Trevor’s insomnia partially stems from his own personal struggle with guilt. This is a feeling of responsibility or remorse for an offense or crime which has spiraled out of control, becoming a living hell created inside Trevor’s mind. Trevor is constantly worried he’s being followed and that he has to run away from his crime, leaving little time for sleep. So what Trevor guilty of? That is left for the audience to piece together themselves with different clues presented in the film. In a scene during the movie Trevor and Maria’s son Nicholas, both hallucinations made up by Trevor, go on a ride at an amusement park called ‘Route 666’. The ride quickly becomes an unsettling picture of Trevor’s mind along with taunting images. For example, the car moves past a dummy dressed as a Native American brandishing a severed hand, which serves as an obvious reminder to Trevor of the accident on the shop floor in which he was guilty of a coworker losing his hand. The car then approaches a fork in the road; to the left is a ‘Highway to Hell’ and to the right a ‘Road to Salvation’. Naturally, the car takes the ‘Highway to Hell’ route and there are more flashes of Trevor’s past, causing Nicholas to suffer from an epileptic fit. Later in the film, Trevor finds he is confronted with a similar choice in an underground sewer while being chased by police. Ahead were two tunnels, one was darkened and the other well lit, but the shadow of a man was present around the corner of the lit tunnel. It feels as though the figure is meant to represent the true Trevor, but he chooses not to confront himself and the actions in which he is guilty of but instead heads for the darkness, running away from him self and the truth as to what he has done. Unfortunately, in Trevor’s situation he was extremely guilty and suffered from bouts of paranoia and anxiety, but was not able to comprehend why until the film had concluded. This guilt not only affected Trevor’s inability to sleep, but altered many other factors in his life. The creation of Ivan, Trevor’s guilty conscience, could be seen as an escape and a way for Trevor to blame Ivan for the acts he committed. An example of this situation in the film would be when Trevor had shown more interest in Ivan than Miller, a co-worker, which resulted in Miller losing a part of his left arm. Trevor had easily blamed this on Ivan, which he himself believed to be a co-worker, although no one else had any record of him. Stimulants â€Å"Stimulants are a class of psychoactive drug that increase activity in the brain. These drugs can temporarily elevate alertness, mood and awareness. † (Kendra Cherry, 2007, 1) This would mean that the usage of stimulants such as caffeine through coffee or nicotine, both of which Trevor used frequently in the film, are causing his mind to become neurally stimulated preventing him from becoming relaxed and allowing him to sleep. The extended use of these stimulants helps Trevor’s insomnia to develop which disturbs his sleep cycles. Trevor’s inability to maintain sleep mainly stems from his guilt, but is also enhanced by the stimulants Trevor indulges in. Trevor is known for his excessive caffeine use, and as expressed here, â€Å"While caffeine has several positive effects such as increasing energy and mental alertness, heavy use can cause symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia. (Kendra Cherry, 2007, 3) Caffeine is not the only stimulant Trevor uses, he is also an excessive chain smoker. Since â€Å"nicotine delivered by smoking or chewing tobacco causes the liver to release glucose and the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine,† (Anne Hamilton, 2010, 9) this also contributes to Trevor’s â€Å"fight or flight† behavior. Since Trevor is always afraid and on the run, part of his behavior is stemming from the use of nicotine, which is triggering excess adrenalin. Characterist ics Hallucinations/ Delusions â€Å"Hallucinations involve perceiving things in the absence of stimulation. In other words, a hallucination involves perceiving things that are not really there. A hallucination can false or distorted, but seem very real and vivid to the person experiencing it. † (Kendra Cherry, 2007, 1) â€Å"Delusions are irrational beliefs, held with a high level of conviction, that are highly resistant to change even when the delusional person is exposed to forms of proof that contradict the belief. (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) Many of Trevor’s actions could classify him as delusional. When Trevor goes to the police station trying to track the license plate number of who he believes to be Ivan, he is told he can not do so unless a crime has been committed. Naturally, Trevor decides to run into oncoming traffic so he has feasible reason to report a crime, subconsciously creating a hit and run accident just as he had done. All of Trevor’s hallucinations, such as Ivan, Nicholas, and Maria all stem from Trevor’s crime. Ivan, Trevor’s self conscience, appears before Trevor every time he turns around throughout the film. Trevor even believes he sees Ivan’s boots and a picture of him fishing with a friend at Stevie’s house. We come to find though that boots are Trevor’s which he had been wearing at the time of the crime, and when he takes a second look at the picture, he realizes it is he, not Ivan, who is in the photo. As for Maria and Nicholas, they are supposed to be representatives of the mother and son involved in the crime Trevor had committed. Maria, the waitress Trevor would visit at night and converse with over pie and coffee symbolizes the mother of the boy he had run over, and Nicholas is representative of the boy. Trevor spending time with Nicholas, such as in the amusement park, could be seen as a subconscious apology from Trevor by getting to know Nicholas and trying to bond with him. Inability to Achieve/ Maintain Sleep Trevor seems to be unable fall asleep, and at any point where he is able to he only experiences â€Å"micro naps† or â€Å"micro sleep†, which are periods of sleep that only last up to a few seconds, usually experienced by people who are severely deprived of sleep as Trevor is, before being woken up. Even though Trevor may not remember his crime, due to the fact that his lack of sleep has severely affected his brain and physical appearance, it has still prevented him from being able to live a normal and healthy lifestyle. Memory Loss/ Forgetfulness As Trevor grows increasingly distracted and alienated, he forgets to pay his utility bills and his electricity is disconnected. This ends up leading to the trickling out of a dark liquid from Trevor’s freezer, eventually coating the refrigerator door with streaks of the liquid, which the viewer, and Trevor, later realizes is the blood of the fish Trevor had caught on his fishing adventure with a coworker. As Trevor begins to realize his developing forgetfulness, he starts leaving himself post it notes to remind himself of anything important, since his brain is not able to function properly anymore because of his lack of rest and nourishment. Inability to Focus/ Accidental Nature Trevor’s lack of sleep has resulted in the unawareness of his surroundings, causing him to become accident prone. An example of such behavior would be when Trevor becomes easily distracted by his hallucinations, most particularly Ivan, resulting in the loss of his friend Miller’s left arm. Another example of Trevor being unable to focus would be when he visits Stevie for help after he has been hit by a car, and he lashes out at her when he sees what he believes to be Ivan’s boots, when in reality they are his. During the same visit, as earlier stated, Trevor finds a picture of a coworker on a fishing trip, and believes Ivan to be the other person in the picture, although it truly is Trevor. If Trevor had been able to sleep, he would have been aware of all his surroundings and could have tried to rationally piece together the puzzle that had become his life. However, due to the circumstances, Trevor’s co-workers indefinitely turned against him, and his outburst had caused him to lose Stevie, leaving him with no friends or relationships to rely on.